They married in 1897 and had four children, two of whom became psychiatrists. During his college years, he became attached to a group of socialist students, among which he found his wife-to-be, Raissa Timofeyewna Epstein, an intellectual and social activist from Russia studying in Vienna. In 1895 he received a medical degree from the University of Vienna. Īlfred was an active, popular child and an average student who was also known for his competitive attitude toward his older brother, Sigmund. He almost died of pneumonia when he was five and it was at this age that he decided to be a physician. Early on, he developed rickets, which kept him from walking until he was four years old. 5.9 Spirituality, ecology and communityīorn in the suburbs of Vienna on February 7, 1870, Alfred Adler was the third child and second son of a Jewish grain merchant and his wife.Adler is considered, along with Freud and Jung, to be one of the three founding figures of depth psychology, which emphasizes the unconscious and psychodynamics (Ellenberger, 1970 Ehrenwald, 1991). Adler was also among the first in psychology to argue in favor of feminism making the case that power dynamics between men and women (and associations with masculinity and femininity) are crucial to understanding human psychology (Connell, 1995). Adler argued for holism, viewing the individual holistically rather than reductively, the latter being the dominant lens for viewing human psychology. His emphasis on power dynamics is rooted in the philosophy of Nietzsche. sometimes producing a paradoxical superiority striving). His most famous concept is the inferiority complex which speaks to the problem of self-esteem and its negative compensations (e.g. In chapter 3 of Impact of Science on Society, Bertrand Russell said that the behavior of people in futuristic scientific dictatorships is best described by Adler's theories. His writings preceded and at times were surprisingly consistent with later neo-Freudian insights such as evidenced in the works of Karen Horney, Harry Stack Sullivan and Erich Fromm.Īdler emphasized the importance of social equality in order to prevent various forms of psychopathology and espoused the development of social interest and democratic family structures as the ideal ethos for raising children. He influenced notable figures in other schools of psychotherapy such as Rollo May, Viktor Frankl, Abraham Maslow and Albert Ellis. Adler had an enormous effect on the disciplines of counseling and psychotherapy as they would develop over the course of the 20th century (Ellenberger, 1970).
He was the first major figure to break away from psychoanalysis to form an independent school of psychotherapy and personality theory. In collaboration with Sigmund Freud and a small group of Freud's colleagues, Adler was among the co-founders of the psychoanalytic movement. Template:Psychoanalysis Alfred Adler ( Febru– May 28 1937) was an Austrian medical doctor, psychologist and founder of the school of Individual Psychology.
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